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ĭuring the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. However, the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species. It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum. During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. From 66 to 34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. įollowing the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent.
WHAT IS THE WORLD'S LARGEST RAINFOREST AND WHERE IS IT LOCATED FREE
The rainforest has been in existence for at least 55 million years, and most of the region remained free of savanna-type biomes at least until the current ice age when the climate was drier and savanna more widespread. It appeared following a global reduction of tropical temperatures when the Atlantic Ocean had widened sufficiently to provide a warm, moist climate to the Amazon basin. The rainforest likely formed during the Eocene era (from 56 million years to 33.9 million years ago). Īerial view of the Amazon rainforest, near Manaus Indigenous peoples make up 9% of the total population with 60 of the groups remaining largely isolated. More than 30 million people of 350 different ethnic groups live in the Amazon, which are subdivided into 9 different national political systems and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species. Four nations have " Amazonas" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name " Guiana Amazonian Park" for its rainforest protected area.
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The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. The Amazon rainforest, alternatively, the Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. Map of the Amazon rainforest ecoregions as delineated by the WWF in white and the Amazon drainage basin in blue.īolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana ( France), Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuelaģ°S 60°W / 3°S 60°W / -3 -60 Coordinates: 3°S 60°W / 3°S 60°W / -3 -60